The Protective Role of Strong Antioxidant Astaxanthin on Burn Wound and Burn-Induced Early Acute Kidney Injury through Abilities to Relieve Oxidative Stress and Inhibit Apoptosis by Modulating Mitochondrial-Apoptotic Pathways
Main Article Content
Abstract
Summary: Burns are skin damage caused by heat trauma or cold trauma (frost bite). Causes include fire, hot water, electricity, chemicals, radiation, and cold (frostbite). This damage may involve subcutaneous tissue. Burn injuries are associated with high incidence and prevalence, high risk of morbidity and mortality, resource-intensive, and costly. One of the most common complications in burn patients is acute kidney injury (AKI). The mechanism of early AKI after burn injury is multifactorial, and previous studies have mainly focused on oxidative stress injury, tubular apoptosis, and systemic or local inflammation. Previous results (from our group and others) suggested that ROS-induced oxidative stress damage and apoptosis play an important role in the development of early AKI due to burn injury, and that 24 h after burn injury are useful for observing changes in burn injury. It shows that it provides an important timeframe. Kidney function and levels of oxidative stress and apoptosis. Astaxanthin (ATX) is a naturally occurring carotenoid that is readily obtained from marine organisms and stronger antioxidant effects than other carotenoids. Given the critical role of oxidative stress and secondary renal inflammation in severe burn-induced early AKI, a protective role of ATX through its anti-inflammatory effects and potential mechanisms of action in early post-burn AKI is reasonable.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
I. Markiewicz-Gospodarek A, Kozioł M, Tobiasz M, Baj J, Radzikowska-Büchner E, Przekora A. Burn Wound Healing: Clinical Complications, Medical Care, Treatment, and Dressing Types: The Current State of Knowledge for Clinical Practice. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(3):1338. Published 2022 Jan 25. doi:10.3390/ijerph19031338
II. Thalji, S. Z., Kothari, A. N., Kuo, P. C. & Mosier, M. J. Acute kidney injury in burn patients. Ann. Surg. 266, 376–382 (2017)
III. Mosier, M. J. et al. Early acute kidney injury predicts progressive renal dysfunction and higher mortality in severely burned adults. J. Burn Care Res. 31, 83–92 (2010).
IV. Jeschke MG, van Baar ME, Choudhry MA, Chung KK, Gibran NS, Logsetty S. Burn injury. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2020;6(1):11. Published 2020 Feb 13. doi:10.1038/s41572-020-0145-5
V. Sahib AS, Al-Jawad FH, Alkaisy AA. Effect of antioxidants on the incidence of wound infection in burn patients. Ann Burns Fire Disasters. 2010;23(4):199-205.
VI. Arunkumar E., Bhuvaneswari S., Anuradha C.V. An intervention study in obese mice with astaxanthin, a marine carotenoid—Effects on insulin signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Food Funct. 2012;3:120–126. doi: 10.1039/C1FO10161G.
VII. Parihar A., Parihar M.S., Milner S., Bhat S. Oxidative stress and anti-oxidative mobilization in burn injury. Burns. 2008;34:6–17.
VIII. Sztretye M, Dienes B, Gönczi M, et al. Astaxanthin: A Potential Mitochondrial-Targeted Antioxidant Treatment in Diseases and with Aging. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2019;2019:3849692. Published 2019 Nov 11. doi:10.1155/2019/3849692
IX. Guo S, Guo L, Fang Q, et al. Astaxanthin protects against early acute kidney injury in severely burned rats by inactivating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB axis and upregulating heme oxygenase-1 [published correction appears in Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 12;12(1):921]. Sci Rep. 2021;11(1):6679. Published 2021 Mar 23. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-86146-w
X. Guo SX, Zhou HL, Huang CL, et al. Astaxanthin attenuates early acute kidney injury following severe burns in rats by ameliorating oxidative stress and mitochondrial-related apoptosis. Mar Drugs. 2015;13(4):2105-2123. Published 2015 Apr 13. doi:10.3390/md13042105
XI. Qiu et al. Protective effects of astaxanthin against ischemia/ reperfusion induced renal injury in mice Journal of Translational Medicine (2015) 13:28 DOI 10.1186/s12967-015-0388-1
XII. Sedeek M., Callera G., Montezano A., Gutsol A., Heitz F., Szyndralewiez C., Page P., Kennedy C.R., Burns K.D., Touyz R.M., et al. Critical role of nox4-based nadph oxidase in glucose-induced oxidative stress in the kidney: Implications in type 2 diabetic nephropathy. Am. J. Physiol. Ren. Physiol. 2010;299: F1348–F1358.
doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00028.2010.
XIII. Brotosudarmo, T. H. P., Limantara, L. & Setiyono, E. Structures of astaxanthin and their consequences for therapeutic application.Int. J. Food Sci. 2020, 2156582–16 (2020).
XIV. Nair, A. R., Masson, G. S., Ebenezer, P. J., Del Piero, F. & Francis, J. Role of TLR4 in lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury_Protection by blueberry. Free Radic. Biol. Med. 71, 16–25 (2014).
XV. Kim, Y. H., Koh, H.-K. & Kim, D.-S. Downregulation of IL-6 production by astaxanthin via ERK-, MSK-, and NF-κB-mediated signals in activated microglia. Int. Immunopharmacol. 10, 1560–1572 (2010).
XVI. Nath, K. A. Heme oxygenase-1 and acute kidney injury. Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. 23, 17–24 (2014)
XVII. Rennekampff HO, Alharbi Z. Burn Injury: Mechanisms of Keratinocyte Cell Death. Med Sci (Basel). 2021;9(3):51. Published 2021 Jul 16. doi:10.3390/medsci903005