Bone Marrow Puncture (BMP): The Initial Step in the Management of Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

Abstract

Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) encompass a variety of bone marrow disorders characterized by insufficient production of healthy blood cells. Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) represent a cluster of bone marrow conditions where there's a deficiency in generating a sufficient quantity of healthy blood cells. Patients with MDS often exhibit an asymptomatic nature. The clinical manifestations of MDS vary widely depending on the cellular line involved. Infections, bleeding, and anemia are common features of the MDS, while unusual findings include hepatomegaly, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. However, the situation changes when the patient progresses to acute myeloid leukemia (AML), leading to a transformation into thrombocytosis. During the process of improving the general condition, on the third day of treatment, the patient experienced a deterioration and unfortunately passed away. The lack of medical and healthcare personnel in Indonesia and the unequal distribution of them are the reasons why patients with rare cases are still far from obtaining their health rights. An important challenge in clinical practice involves distinguishing between primary myelofibrosis and other conditions, as misidentification can delay treatment, potentially leading to patients not receiving necessary healthcare and possibly resulting in fatalities.