Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia: A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management Strategies
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Abstract
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Dysplasia (ARVD) is a rare inherited heart disorder characterized by fibrofatty replacement of the right ventricular myocardium, leading to ventricular arrhythmias and an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of ARVD, including its pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic criteria, and management strategies. The pathogenesis of ARVD involves genetic mutations affecting proteins of the cardiac desmosome, leading to myocardial cell death and fibrofatty replacement. Clinical presentation varies widely, ranging from asymptomatic individuals to those with palpitations, syncope, or sudden cardiac arrest. Diagnosis is challenging and relies on a combination of clinical, electrocardiographic, imaging, and histopathologic findings. Management involves risk stratification for sudden cardiac death, lifestyle modifications, antiarrhythmic medications, and, in select cases, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator placement or catheter ablation.
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