The Relationship of Perceptions, Subjective Norms, and Beliefs towards Immunization Vaccine Hesitancy in Children
Main Article Content
Abstract
Refusal to vaccinate also occurs in Indonesia, primarily because people are reluctant to provide basic immunizations to their children. Some of these reasons need to be clarified about immunization information. This research aims to determine the relationship between perceptions, subjective norms, and beliefs regarding the hesitancy of childhood immunization vaccines. The research method used was analytical observational with a cross-sectional approach using the chi-square test. The population is mothers with children aged two years or who have passed the immunization schedule for children aged 2 years, numbering 13,052 people. The sampling method used cluster sampling using the sample size formula, according to Slovin, to obtain a sample size of 389 people. The results show a relationship between perception and hesitancy of children's immunization vaccines with a P-value = 0.003 (<0.05). There is a relationship between subjective norms and child immunization vaccine hesitancy with a P-value = 0.001 (<0.05). A relationship exists between confidence and hesitation about children's immunization vaccines with a P-value = 0.000 (<0.05). The conclusion is that there is a relationship between perception, subjective norms, and beliefs on the hesitancy of immunization vaccines in children.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
I. Domek, G.J., O'Leary, S.T., Bull, S., Bronsert, M., Contreras-Roldan, I.L., Bolaños Ventura, G.A., Kempe, A., & Asturias, E.J. (2018). Measuring vaccine hesitancy: Field testing the Guatemala's WHO SAGE Working Group on Vaccine Hesitancy survey tool. Vaccine , 36 (35), 5273–5281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.07.046
II. Hafizzanovian, H., Oktariana, D., Apriansyah, MA, & Yuniza, Y. (2021). Chances of Immunization Stress-Related Response (Isrr) Occurring During the Covid-19 Vaccination Program. Journal of Medicine and Health Scientific Publications, Faculty of Medicine, Sriwijaya University , 8 (3), 211–222. https://doi.org/10.32539/JKK.V8I3.13807
III. Indriyani, et al. (2019). Perceptions of Young Mothers and Families regarding Providing Immunizations (Family-Based Maternal Sensitivity Models Approach). Journal of Health , 5 (1), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.25047/j-kes.v5i1.45
IV. Karmila, & Nababan, D. (2021). Inhibiting Factors Of Basic Immunization Immunization At Simpang. Journal of Healthcare Technology and Medicine , 7 (2), 2Karmila, Nababan, D. (2021). Inhibiting Factors.
V. Indonesian Ministry of Health. (2022a). 2 Years of Low Immunization Coverage, Government Holds National Child Immunization Month .
VI. Indonesian Ministry of Health. (2022b). National Immunization Communication Strategy 2022-2025 .
VII. Kusnali, A., & Dartanto, T. (2021). Religiosity and Completeness of Basic Immunization for Children. Health Systems Research Bulletin , 24 (3), 202–212.
https://doi.org/10.22435/hsr.v24i3.4181
VIII. Marhaban, D. (2022). The anti-vaccination movement and the need for resolution from a legal perspective in Malaysia - an analysis . 92 (2), 97–112.
IX. Nur Pida. (2021). Determinants of Vaccine Hesitancy in Mothers of Babies in Aceh Besar District. Saufa Yarah , 9623 (2), 36–46.
X. Saida, S., Zulfadhli, M., & Jurais, M. (2022). Analysis of Factors That Influence Vaccine Hesitancy (Vaccine Hesitancy) in Students in the Covid-19 Pandemic Era. Preventive: Journal of Public Health , 13 (1), 144–154.
https://doi.org/10.22487/preventif.v13i1.430
XI. Sankaranarayanan, S., Jayaraman, A., & Gopichandran, V. (2019). Assessment of vaccine hesitancy among parents of children between 1 and 5 years of age at a tertiary care hospital in Chennai. Indian Journal of Community Medicine , 44 (4), 394–396.
https://doi.org/10.4103/ijcm.IJCM_351_18
XII. Sulistiyani, P., Shaluhiyah, Z., & Cahyo Bagi, K. (2017). Description of Community Rejection of Complete Basic Immunization for Toddlers. Public Health , 5 (5), 2356–3346.
XIII. Sulistyawati, F., & Widarini, NP (2022). Trend in Refusing Vaccines. Indonesian Journal for Health Sciences, 6 (2), 15–23.
https://doi.org/10.24269/ijhs.v6i2.4716
XIV. WHO, Ministry of Health, I. (2020). Survey of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance in Indonesia . November .
XV. Yuliadi, I. (2022). Community Stigma Against Covid-19 Vaccination in Seketeng Village, Sumbawa District in 2022. Hegemony: Journal of Social Sciences , 1 (1), 1–10.