Cardiovascular Alterations Present in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Review of the Literature
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Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a systemic inflammatory disease secondary to an autoimmune response that is characterized by the deposition of immune complexes that activate complement and cause tissue damage. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR, American College of Rheumatology) in 2012 established the new diagnostic criteria for SLE, identifying 17 criteria of which at least 4 must be met (at least one clinical, and one immunologic) or lupus nephritis as the sole criterion in the presence of antinuclear antibody (ANA) or double-stranded anti-DNA for diagnosis.1
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