Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteoporosis, an Update Bibliographic Review
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Abstract
Introduction: Osteoporosis is a chronic, progressive skeletal disease characterized by low bone mineral density and deterioration of bone structure. There are multiple risk factors, both modifiable and non-modifiable. The main complication is fractures, which is why it must be diagnosed early and in a timely manner.
Material and methods: Fourteen articles and one book on the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis were chosen in order to compare the best plan to follow in these patients in the different bibliographies reviewed.
Discussion: The gold standard for diagnosing osteoporosis is the measurement of bone density with the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry device, using the T-score. The use of different biomarkers is useful both for early diagnosis and for monitoring the reaction to treatment, but it is necessary to take into account that the main objective is to prevent the disease and to improve the quality of life of the patients. On the other hand, the main and early treatment consists of physical activity adapted to each patient, diet rich in calcium, magnesium and vitamins that promote bone health, the pharmacological part of the treatment has different areas that depends on the situation of each patient, considering gender such as estrogens and progestogens in postmenopausal women, tolerance to drugs such as Denosumab, and in general, bisphosphonate is used as the first line of treatment due to the increase in bone mineral density that it produces, helping to prevent fractures and improving the quality of life of each patient.
Conclusion: Osteoporosis is one of the diseases that can prevent the realization of basic activities, for this disease there are different methods of diagnosis and treatment, the main objective is to detect risk factors and make an early diagnosis to avoid complications that entails, relying on tools such as the FRAX calculator and the use of biomarkers, all this to reach the conclusion of the investigation, to use the different options and tools to provide appropriate treatment, this publication being an update on the options that are available today to treat this condition.
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