A comparative study to assess the knowledge regarding mild and moderate mental retardation of children among primary school teachers in selected urban and rural schools, Jalandhar (Punjab) with a view to develop an information booklet.
Main Article Content
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY: Mental retardation is not a disease but a condition in which the intellectual faculties are never manifested or have developed sufficiently to enable the retarded person to acquire such knowledge. The objective of the study to assess the knowledge score regarding mild and moderate mental retardation of children among the school teacher in urban & rural area, to compare the knowledge score regarding mild and moderate mental retardation of children among the urban and rural school teachers, to find out the association between urban and rural school teacher knowledge score regarding mild and moderate mental retardation and with their demographic variablesandto develop an information booklet regarding mild and moderate mental retardation.
METHODOLOGY: A comparative non-experiment is used. The setting is a urban and rural primary schools, Jalandhar. The sample includes 60 primary school teachers selected by purposive sampling technique. The tool consisted: Part 1 demographic variables and Part 2 Self structured knowledge questionnaire. Reliability of the tool was established by using split half method.
RESULTS: The findings of the study show that the mean score and SD of rural primary school on knowledge according to area. Definition and epidemiology the mean score is 3 and SD is 0.5, according to etiology the mean score is 5.6 and SD is 0.5, according to types the mean score is 1.2 and SD is 0.833, according to characteristics the mean score is 2.1 and SD is 0.600, according to sign and symptoms and diagnostic tests the mean score is 0.7 and SD is 0.441, according to prevention the mean score is 2.4 and SD is 0.527 and according to management the mean score is 4.5 and SD is 1.236.
CONLUSION: Majority (60%) of urban primary school teachers had satisfactory knowledge regarding mild and moderate mental retardation in children while the majority (83.3%) rural primary school teachers had satisfactory knowledge regarding mild and moderate mental retardation in children.
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References
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Avaiiablefrom:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778643/#!po=96.8750
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XXXIII. Shenoy J, Kapoor M. Prevalence of scholastic backwardness among 5 to 8 year old children. Indian J Psychiatry [Internet]. [Cited 2015 March 24];38(4): 201-7. Available from: http://searches.vi-view.com/search/web?type=ds&channel=wpc&q=
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XXXV. Padmavathi D, Lalitha K. Effectiveness of structured teaching programme for teacher trainees towards learning disabilities. Nightingale Nursing Times. [Internet] 2009 July [Cited 2015march 29];5(4):14-23. Available from: www. rguhs.ac.in% 2F%E2%80%A6nlinecdc%2Fuploads%2F05_N214_40062.doc
XXXVI. Brook U, Watemberg N. Geva. D. Attitude and knowledge of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disability among school teachers. 2001;40(3) : 247-52.
XXXVII. Bakker JT, Bosman AM. Teacher perceptions of remediation possibilities of Dutch students is special education. British journal of educational psychology. 2006 Dec;76(4): 745-759.
XXXVIII. Anand Lingeswaran. Assessing knowledge of primary school teachers on specific learning disabilities in two schools in India. J Educ Health Promot[Internet] 2013 Jul 31[Cited 2015 April 22];2(30) Available from: www. ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778643/I. Elakkuvana Bhaskara Raj D. DEBR’S MENTAL HEALTH NURSING. Bangalore: EMMESS Medical Publishing; 2014. 2,327.
II. Murali Madhav S. Epidemiological Study of Prevalence of Mental Disorders in India[Internet]. 2001-12 [Cited 2014 Feb 21]. Available from: http://www. indmedica.com/journals.php?journalid=7&issueid=44&articleid=549&action=article
III. Wayne Ave, Silver Spring. Introduction to Mental Retardation, American Association on Mental Retardation [Internet]. 2004 [Cited on 2014 Feb 20]; 1. Available from:
http://www.wfsd.k12.ny.us/specialed/files/Arc.pdf
IV. Neeraja KP. Essentials of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing. 1st edition. New Delhi: Jaypee brother medical publishing;2008. 467-77.
V. Suraj guptae. prevention mental retardation in children. strategies in perinatal care.[Cited 2014 Feb 22]; 4(12):2005.
VI. Kalyani moharana. Effect of structured teaching programme on the knowledge and opinion of nursing students towards prevention of mental retardation. Indian J psychiatry. 2013 [Cited 2014 Feb 19] ; civ (3): 134-135.
VII. International conferences on water sanitation and Recycling [Internet ]. Mar2013 [Cited 22 Feb 2014]. Available from:
http://indiasanitationportal.org/18527
VIII. Parul Datta. Text book of pediatric nursing. 2nd edition. Jay Pee publisher.401-3, 468.
IX. Park .k. A textbook of preventive and social medicine. 12th edition .M/S BANARSI DAS BHANOT publisher ;501-2.
X. Varnum street N E. American association on mental retardation Washington [Internet]. 2012 [Cited 27Feb 2014] Available from: http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Moderate+mental+retardation
XI. Kapoor bimla .A textbook of psychiatric nursing: 3rd edition. Delhi: Kumar House Publisher; 2009. 402-03.
XII. Townsend C. Mary. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing concepts of care:4th edition. F.A. Davis publisher; 357.
XIII. Louis Rebraca Shives. Basic Concepts Of Psychiatric- mental health nursing, edition7th, Publisher-Wolters Kluwer. pp536, 542.
XIV. Mental retardation. [Internet] 2013[Cited 22 Feb 2015]. Available from:http://www.statcan .gc.ca/pub/82-619-m/2012004/sections/sectione-eng.htm
XV. N.A.AL-Mosa, M.A.F.EI Hazmi. Prevalence of mental retardation in children. South Arabia[Internet]. 2003 [Cited 2015 March 22]; 9(1/2):7-8. Available from:
http://applications.emro.who.int/emhj/0901_2/emhj_2003_9_1_2_6_11.pdf
XVI. Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, Susanna Visser,Michael D. Kogan.Trends in the Prevalence of Developmental Disabilities in US Children [Internet] 2011 May [Cited 23 March];127(6): 1034-42. Available from:
http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/127/6/1034.full.html
XVII. Jarjour IT. Neurodevelopmental Outcome After Extreme Prematurity [Internet]. 2015 Feb[Cited 2015 Feb 26] ; 52(2): 143-52. Available from: http://www.ncbi .nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/25497122
XVIII. Mei-Tsz Su, Yeng-Ni Teng. Screening of Prader-Willi Syndrome and Angelman Syndrome in School Children with Moderate to Profound Mental Retardation in Southern Taiwan; 48 (2):73-6. 7
XIX. Savita Malhotra, Adarsh Kohli and Basant Pradhan. Incidence of childhood psychiatric disorders in India. Indian J Psychiatry [Internet].2009 Apr-Jun [Cited 2014 Feb 26];519(2) :101-107. Available from:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih. gov/pmc/articleshttp://aje.oxfordjournals/PMC2755176
XX. S. Huq, S. Munir, E. Rasul. S. Zaman. Am. J.Epidemiol. Prenatal and Postnatal Risk Factors for Mental Retardation among Children Bangladesh[Internet]. 2000 Feb 22 [Cited 2015 25 March];152(11):1024-33. Available from: .org/ content /152 / 11/1024.lon
XXI. S. Autio, J Leisti. Prevalence of fragile x syndrome in fourbirth cohort of children of school age [Internet]. [Cited 2015 March 25];77:85-87.Available from:
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00284720#page-2
XXII. Colin D. Mathers,Pallab K. Maulik. Prevalence of intellectual disability: A meta-analysis of population-based studies [Internet].2011 Mar-Apr [Cited 2015 March 22];32(2):419-36. Available from: http://www.Sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S0891422210003082
XXIII. Lakhan Ram. Intelligence quotient is associated with epilepsy in children with intellectual disability in India U.S.A [Internet] 2013 Oct 23[Cited 2015 March 22];4(4):408-412. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24347947
XXIV. Amit Nagarkar, Pritesh Goutam. The clinical profile of mentally retarded children in India and prevalence of depression in mothers of the mentally retarded [Internet]. 2014 Apr 11[Cited 2015 March 23]:56(2):165-70. Available from:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4040065/
XXV. Pooneh nikuei, Shide Rafety. J. life Sci. Biomed (JLSB). The Impact of Genetic Counselling on Prevention of Mental Retardation [Internet] 2104. [Cited 2015 March 24];4(5):401-03. Available from: http://jlsb.science-line. com/attachments/article/31/J.%20Life%20Sci.%20Biomed.%204(5)%20401-403, % 202014.pdf
XXVI. Leonard H, Nasar.Am J Epidemiol.Prevalence of Mental Retardation in children. Telethon Institute of Child Health Research centre, West Perth, Australia.2008 Jan1;167(1): 103-11.
XXVII. Levy Shift. American Journal of mental Health. Prevalence of mental retardation in children [Internet].2008 July [Cited 2015 March 22] ;85(6):3-8. Available from:
www.rguhs.ac.in/cdc/onlinecdc/uploads/05_N318_41192.doc
XXVIII. Ganesh Kumar S, Acharaya DPV, Bhandary, Shashi JS, Harsha Kumar HN, and Kotian M. S. Prevalence and Patterns of Mental Disability using Indian Disability Evaluation Assessment Scale in a Rural Community of Karnataka. Indian J Psychiatry. 2008 Jan -Mar; 50(1): 21 -23.
XXIX. Rohan Dilip mendonsa. Mental health literacy among elementary school teachers in rural south, India [Internet].Oct 2013 [Cited 2014 Feb 21]; 16(2). Available from : http://medind.nic.in/daa/t13/i2/daat13i2p362.pdf
XXX. Anand Lingeswaran. Assessing knowledge of primary school teachers on specific learning disabilities in two schools in India [Internet ].2013 [Cited 2014 Feb 22]; 2(30):
Avaiiablefrom:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778643/#!po=96.8750
XXXI. Saravanabhavan S, Saravanabhavan R C. Knowledge of LD among pre- and in-service teachers in India. International Journal of Special Education[Internet].2010 [Cited2015 Feb 24] ;25(3):133-9. Available from:http://searches.vi-view. com/search/web?type=sc&channel=wpc&q=www.rguhs.ac.in%2F%E2%80%A6nlinecdc%2Fuploads%2F05_N214_40062.doc
XXXII. Taggart L, McMullan P. An exploratory study of teachers' knowledge about the symptoms of depression in young people with and without intellectual disabilities. University of Ulster, N. Ireland. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities [Internet].2007 June [Cited 2015 Feb 15];11(2 ):183-195.Avaiable from: http:// jid. Sage pub .com/ content/11/2/183
XXXIII. Shenoy J, Kapoor M. Prevalence of scholastic backwardness among 5 to 8 year old children. Indian J Psychiatry [Internet]. [Cited 2015 March 24];38(4): 201-7. Available from: http://searches.vi-view.com/search/web?type=ds&channel=wpc&q=
XXXIV. Dr. Pandit RP. Factors affecting learning disability in Mathematics. A study ofcentral region of Nepal [Internet] 2006[Cited 2015 March 26] Available from:http://searches.vi-view.com/search/web?type=ds&channel=wpc&q=
XXXV. Padmavathi D, Lalitha K. Effectiveness of structured teaching programme for teacher trainees towards learning disabilities. Nightingale Nursing Times. [Internet] 2009 July [Cited 2015march 29];5(4):14-23. Available from: www. rguhs.ac.in% 2F%E2%80%A6nlinecdc%2Fuploads%2F05_N214_40062.doc
XXXVI. Brook U, Watemberg N. Geva. D. Attitude and knowledge of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disability among school teachers. 2001;40(3) : 247-52.
XXXVII. Bakker JT, Bosman AM. Teacher perceptions of remediation possibilities of Dutch students is special education. British journal of educational psychology. 2006 Dec;76(4): 745-759.
XXXVIII. Anand Lingeswaran. Assessing knowledge of primary school teachers on specific learning disabilities in two schools in India. J Educ Health Promot[Internet] 2013 Jul 31[Cited 2015 April 22];2(30) Available from: www. ncbi. nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3778643/