Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (Mucosal Fungoid) as First Manifestation of Metastatic Lymphoma

Abstract

Primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas are a diverse group of extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphomas characterized by the infiltration of malignant T-cells within the skin. Mycosis fungoides (MF), the most common subtype, typically presents with skin-limited manifestations. However, in a subset of cases, it can herald the onset of systemic lymphoma, representing a diagnostic challenge for clinicians.

This article explores a compelling clinical case of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, specifically mycosis fungoides, manifesting as an initial sign of disseminated or metastatic lymphoma. We dissect the complex diagnostic and management considerations associated with this unique clinical presentation. Through a review of the current literature and clinical insights, we delineate the clinical, histopathological, and immunophenotypic features that facilitate the diagnosis and differentiation of MF as an isolated cutaneous entity from MF with secondary extracutaneous involvement.

The article highlights the critical role of multidisciplinary collaboration among dermatologists, oncologists, and pathologists in achieving timely and accurate diagnosis and guiding therapeutic decisions. It further underscores the evolving landscape of treatment options for this challenging subset of patients, ranging from skin-directed therapies to systemic agents. Additionally, this case provides a stark reminder of the importance of ongoing surveillance, as the clinical course of MF may unpredictably transition to a more aggressive form.

In conclusion, this case serves as a vivid illustration of mycosis fungoides with mucosis fungoides as its initial presentation, challenging the conventional understanding of primary cutaneous T-cell lymphomas. The intricate interplay of clinical, histological, and immunophenotypic data informs the diagnosis and informs the broader clinical community about the potential metamorphosis of cutaneous lymphomas into systemic lymphomas. Understanding such cases is crucial for early intervention and improved patient outcomes.