Correlation Between Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Physical Activity, and Cognitive Function in Elderly Population At Primary Healthcare
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: Cognitive impairment is broadly connected as one of the factors that cause disability in the elderly. This study seeks to ascertain the correlation amidst hypertension, diabetes mellitus, physical activity, and cognitive function in the elderly.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was carried out using a consecutive sampling method. The data were collected by interviewing elderly patients with Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) Indonesia and Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) while assessing patient Vascular Metabolism Factor (VMF) such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and past history of heart disease. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized to analyze the correlation between the aforementioned variables.
Results: A total of 277 elderly participants were recruited from February to July 2022. There was a significant correlation between hypertension (OR= 4.8; 95% CI: 2.5-9.1; p < 0.001) and cognitive impairment as well as physical activity (OR= 1.7; 95% CI: 1.3-2.4; p < 0.001). Despite no meaningful correlation amidst diabetes status and cognitive impairment (OR= 1.7; 95% CI: 0.8-3.8; p = 0.14), the number of participants with impaired cognitive function was elevated in the diabetes group (80.7%). Further analysis revealed that the interaction between diabetes, hypertension, and physical activity has a significant correlation with cognitive impairment (p < 0.001; r2= 0.216).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated a notable correlation amidst hypertension status, physical activity intensity, and cognitive function in the elderly population at Hative Kecil Public Health Center.
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