Study of the Levels of Immunoglobulin G and Complement 3 in Gestational Diabetes and Their Newborn
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: The most typical metabolic issue related to pregnancy is gestational diabetes. Because it eliminates undesired germs and causes inflammation, the complement system (C3) is an essential part of the cellular immune system. It has been linked to metabolic diseases, including diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and liver dysfunction. C3 is also becoming more well recognized as a risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Immunoglobulin levels in maternal blood and colostrum are decreased by hyperglycemia, which also affects IgG transfer across the placenta.
Aim of study: to compare the levels of C3 and immunoglobulin G in the sera of pregnant women with gestational diabetes and their babies to pregnant women without the disease.
Methods: a case control study that was carried out over the course of four months, from August 18 to December 20, 2020, at the department of obstetrics and gynecology at Salahaddin General Hospital/Salahaddin. It involved 92 pregnant women who separated into two groups and went to the delivery room to deliver a viable fetus: 47 pregnant women in the case group had been diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus, whereas the 45 pregnant women in the control group had no complaints and were matched with the other groups' ages and gestational ages. Results for C3 and IgG levels in maternal and cord blood were noted.
Results: In this study, the case group's mean birthweight and maternal serum C3 levels were both considerably greater than those of the controls. The mean cord serum IgG level in the case group was substantially lower than that in the controls.
Conclusion: Understanding the underlying chronic inflammation that affects the developing fetus' innate immune system and predisposes the person to future diabetes and its consequences may be possible with complement C3 estimate in GDM.
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