COVID-19, A New Outlook on Pandemic Symptoms and Diagnostic Approach
Main Article Content
Abstract
Background: The main objective of this research is to learn the symptoms that occur in this pathology, since we are currently still fighting COVID-19, because of this, it is important to keep us informed about the different diagnostic methods available, which help us reach an earlier and more effective diagnosis. Various articles have been compiled to identify as soon as possible the active cases and thus reduce the number of infections.
Materials and methods: This research was conducted on the basis of scientific articles and books, related to COVID-19.
Methods: This research was conducted based on 15 scientific articles and 3 books, related to COVID-19.
Results: The most important risk factors are diabetes mellitus, hypertension, obesity, age and sex. The most common symptoms in Latin America are dry cough, fatigue, sore throat, and fever. The preferred diagnostic test for COVID-19 is the polymerase chain reaction for its specificity and sensitivity
Conclusions: As a conclusion, the main objective of the research was achieved, which is to inform the reader about the most relevant symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 in order to improve the identification of suspected cases. Furthermore, we compare various diagnostic methods that exist to date and determine that PCR is the most specific and sensitive.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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XVII. Clinical COVID-19 diagnostic methods: Comparison of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) 2021Heita Kitajima, Yoshitaka Tamura, Hiroko Yoshida, Hitomi Kinoshita, Hiroki Katsuta, Chika Matsui, Akane Matsushita, Tsuyoshi Arai, Shoji Hashimoto, Atsuhiko Iuchi, Tomonori Hirashima, Hiroshi Morishita, Hiroto Matsuoka, Toshio Tanaka, Takayuki Nagai10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104813Journal of Clinical Virology
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
I. Thomas Rogier & Isabelle Eberl & Florian Moretto & Thibault Sixt & François-Xavier Catherine & Clémentine Estève & Maroua Abdallahoui & Lucile Behague & Antoine Coussement & Lucas Mathey & Sophie Mahy & Marielle Buisson & Arnaud Salmon-Rousseau & Michel Duong & Pascal Chavanet & Quentin Bernard & Barbara Nicolas & Leila Benguella & Bernard Bonnotte & Mathieu Blot & Lionel Piroth. (2021). COVID-19 or not COVID-19? Compared characteristics of patients hospitalized for suspected COVID-19. 25 Sep 2021, from European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases (2021) 40:2023-2028 Website: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10096-021-04216-3
II. Ramesh Kumar, Suman Nagpal, Samander Kaushik, Sanjay Mendiratta. (2020). COVID-19 diagnostic approaches: different roads to the same destination. 26 Sep 2021, from Ó Indian Virological Society Website:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13337-020-00599-7
III. Peña, Y. Suárez, A. N., Milagro. (2020). Characterization of COVID-19 positive and suspected cases with comorbidities. Scielo. http://scielo.sld.cu/pdf/rf/v10n3/2221-2434-rf-10-03-314.pdf
IV. Cai,X., Jiang, H., Zhang,S., Xia, S., Du,w., Ma,Y., Yu,T., & Li, w. . (2020). Clinical manifestations and pathogen characteristics in children admitted for suspected COVID-19. October 19, 2020, from Springer Website:
file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/art.%20covid%204.
V. Hassan Ashktorab, Antonio Pizuorno, Gholamreza Oskroch, Nora Alma Fierro, Zaki A. Sherif, and Hassan Brim. (2021). COVID-19 in Latin America: Symptoms, Morbidities, and Gastrointestinal Manifestations. 26 Sep 2021, from AGA Institute Website: https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2020.10.033
VI. Gil, R. (2021). COVID-19 Clinical Chart. Elsevier. https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0716864020300912?token=B69525FF3B45643C8096ECFF3D0ED45CCB72A4C504C1A138D3A094E1D34951CDC5876AF7BA907FCD3FDD30FA674CA2C3&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20211017002317
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VIII. Dacre Knight, Katheryne Downes, Bala Munipalli, Meghana G. Halkar, Ilana I. Logvinov, Leigh L. Speicher & Stephanie L. Hines . (2021). Symptoms and Clinical Outcomes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in the Outpatient Setting. 09-25-2021, from SN Comprehensive Clinical Medicine Website: https://ezproxy.uag.mx:2068/article/10.1007/s42399-021-00746-1.
IX. Luo, S., Zhang, X., & X,H.. (2020). Don't Overlook Digestive Symptoms in Patients With 2019 Novel Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). September 25, 2021, from ELSEVIER Website: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7154217/pdf/main.pdf
X. Nobel, Y., Phipps, M., Zucker, J., Lebwohl, B., Wang, T., Sobieszczyk, M., & Freedberg, D.. (2020). Gastrointestinal Symptoms and Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Case-Control Study From the United States. September 25, 2021, from Gastrojournal Web site:
https://www.gastrojournal.org/action/showPdf?pii=S0016-5085%2820%2930490-X.
XI. M. Schmulsona, , M.F. Dávalosa, J. Berumen. (2020). Alert: gastrointestinal symptoms could be a manifestation of COVID-19. 25-09-2021, from Revista de Gastroenterología de México Web site: http://www.revistagastroenterologiamexico.org/es-alerta-sintomas-gastrointestinales-podrian-ser-articulo-S0375090620300446.
XII. Biyan Nathanael Harapan & Hyeon Joo Yoo . (2021). Neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). 25-09-2021, from Journal of Neurology Website: https://ezproxy.uag.mx:2068/article/10.1007/s00415-021-10406-y
XIII. L, Gestoso. Recommendations and use of different types of tests for detection of SARS-COV-2 infection (2021). Elsevier
https://www.elsevier.es/index.php?p=revista&pRevista=pdf-simple&pii=S1130862120304952&r=35
XIV. Clinical COVID-19 diagnostic methods: Comparison of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) and quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) 2021Heita Kitajima, Yoshitaka Tamura, Hiroko Yoshida, Hitomi Kinoshita, Hiroki Katsuta, Chika Matsui, Akane Matsushita, Tsuyoshi Arai, Shoji Hashimoto, Atsuhiko Iuchi, Tomonori Hirashima, Hiroshi Morishita, Hiroto Matsuoka, Toshio Tanaka, Takayuki Nagai10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104813Journal of Clinical Virology
XV. Controversy in coronaViral Imaging and Diagnostics (COVID) 2020M.C.K. Hamilton, S. Lyen,N.E.Manghat10.1016/j.crad.2020.04.011Clinical Radiology
BOOK CHAPTER
I. Jameson, J., Fauci, A., Kasper, D., Hauser, S., & Longo, D. (2018). Harrison. Principles of internal medicine: Vol. 1° (20th ed.). Mc. https://bibliodig.uag.mx:2074/content.aspx?bookid=2461§ionid=209901285#213005801
II. Murray, P., & Rosenthal, K. (2017). Medical Microbiology: Vol. 1° (8e ed.). Elsevier. https://studentconsult.inkling.com/read/murray-medical-microbiology-8th/chapter-47/-coronaviruses
III. Papadakis, M., McPhee, S., & Rabow, M. (2020). Clinical diagnosis and treatment: Vol. 1° (60th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
https://bibliodig.uag.mx:2074/content.aspx?bookid=3002§ionid=254655733#254655734