An Updated View of Breast Reconstruction

Abstract

Breast reconstruction is a cornerstone of post-mastectomy care, aiming to restore the breast’s form and appearance while enhancing patients’ psychosocial well-being. The procedure can be performed using implant-based or autologous tissue techniques, each tailored to the patient’s medical profile, treatment plan, and preferences. Implant-based reconstruction, involving saline or silicone implants, offers shorter recovery times and is often preferred in patients without planned postmastectomy radiation therapy. Autologous tissue reconstruction, including techniques like the DIEP and latissimus dorsi flaps, provides natural contours and greater durability, particularly beneficial for patients undergoing radiation therapy. Advancements such as nipple-sparing mastectomy, acellular dermal matrices, and minimally invasive approaches have improved surgical outcomes and patient satisfaction. However, complications—ranging from implant-related issues like capsular contracture to donor-site morbidity—highlight the need for comprehensive preoperative planning and a multidisciplinary approach. Breast reconstruction remains a highly individualized process, emphasizing patient-centered care to optimize oncological safety, aesthetic outcomes, and quality of life.